Coding For C & IoT

                                                   Exam paper Analysis


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                                                                     Problem Solving C               

1 TO 15

Academic Session(2024-2025)

        (Even Semester) 

Lab Course name PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING LAB

Lab Course code PCS 101

Semester II

Academic year 2024-2025

Student Name

Program name   B.Tech CSE

School UIT

COURSE INCHARGE  Mr.Sukesh Kumar Bhagat

UNIVERSITY ROLL NO

SEMESTER 2nd (Event)

 

S.N Name of the experiment Page.no Date Signature

1. Write a Program to display the “Hello” word. 

2.  Write a program to calculate the area of Rectangle using user’s input. 

3. Write a program to check weather a given number is even or odd. 

4.  Write a program to find the largest of three numbers using nested if else. 

5. Write a program to find whether the given number is Armstrong or not. 

6. Write a program to construct a Fibonacci series up to n terms. 

7 Write a program to check weather a given number is prime or not. 

8 Write a program to print the different pattern.

9 Write a program to sum of the elements of array. 

10. Write a program to demonstrate the string functions. 

11. Write a program for addition of two matrix. 

12. Write a program to find the transpose of a given matrix & check whether it is symmetric or not 

13. Write a program to calculate the factorial for given number using recursive function. 

14.  Write a program printing the elements of structure array using pointers

15.  Write a program to open text file

 



 


 

 

 



 








EXPERIMENT NO.: 1

Title of Experiment: Write a Program to display the “Hello” word.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING LAB

Course Code: PCS 101(L) Semester: II

Page no: ¼



#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    printf("Hello\n"); // Prints "Hello" to the console

    return 0; // Indicates that the program executed successfully

}





gcc hello.c -o hello

./hello


Output: 


 

















EXPERIMENT NO.: 2

Title of Experiment: Write a program to calculate the area of Rectangle using user’s input.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING LAB

Course Code: PCS 101(L) Semester: II

Page no: ¼



#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    float length, width, area;


    // Prompt user for input

    printf("Enter the length of the rectangle: ");

    scanf("%f", &length); // Read the length from user


    printf("Enter the width of the rectangle: ");

    scanf("%f", &width); // Read the width from user


    // Calculate area

    area = length * width;


    // Display the result

    printf("The area of the rectangle is: %.2f\n", area);


    return 0;

}


Output:

 





EXPERIMENT NO.: 3

Title of Experiment: Write a program to check weather a given number is even or odd.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING LAB

Course Code: PCS 101(L) Semester: II

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int number;


    // Prompt user for input

    printf("Enter an integer: ");

    scanf("%d", &number);


    // Check if the number is even or odd

    if (number % 2 == 0) {

        printf("%d is an even number.\n", number);

    } else {

        printf("%d is an odd number.\n", number);

    }


    return 0;

}


Output:

 




EXPERIMENT NO.: 4

Title of Experiment: Write a program to find the largest of three numbers using nested if else.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING LAB

Course Code: PCS 101(L) Semester: II

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int num1, num2, num3;


    // Prompt user for input

    printf("Enter three numbers:\n");

    scanf("%d %d %d", &num1, &num2, &num3);


    // Nested if-else to find the largest number

    if (num1 >= num2) {

        if (num1 >= num3) {

            printf("The largest number is: %d\n", num1);

        } else {

            printf("The largest number is: %d\n", num3);

        }

    } else {

        if (num2 >= num3) {

            printf("The largest number is: %d\n", num2);

        } else {

            printf("The largest number is: %d\n", num3);

        }

    }


    return 0;

}


Output:

 




EXPERIMENT NO.: 5

Title of Experiment: Write a program to find whether the given number is Armstrong or not.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>


int main() {

    int num, originalNum, remainder, result = 0, n = 0;


    // Prompt user for input

    printf("Enter an integer: ");

    scanf("%d", &num);


    originalNum = num;


    // Find the number of digits in the number

    while (originalNum != 0) {

        originalNum /= 10;

        n++;

    }


    originalNum = num;


    // Calculate the sum of the digits raised to the power n

    while (originalNum != 0) {

        remainder = originalNum % 10;

        result += pow(remainder, n);

        originalNum /= 10;

    }


    // Check if the number is an Armstrong number

    if (result == num) {

        printf("%d is an Armstrong number.\n", num);

    } else {

        printf("%d is not an Armstrong number.\n", num);

    }


    return 0;

}


Output:

 




EXPERIMENT NO.: 6

Title of Experiment: Write a program to construct a Fibonacci series up to n terms.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int n, first = 0, second = 1, next, i;


    // Prompt user for the number of terms

    printf("Enter the number of terms: ");

    scanf("%d", &n);


    printf("Fibonacci Series up to %d terms:\n", n);


    // Handle the special cases where n <= 0

    if (n <= 0) {

        printf("Please enter a positive integer.\n");

    } else {

        for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

            if (i == 1) {

                printf("%d ", first);

                continue;

            }

            if (i == 2) {

                printf("%d ", second);

                continue;

            }

            next = first + second; // Calculate the next term

            first = second;        // Update the first term

            second = next;         // Update the second term


            printf("%d ", next);

        }

    }

    printf("\n");

    return 0;

}


Output:

 








EXPERIMENT NO.: 7

Title of Experiment: Write a program to check weather a given number is prime or not.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int num, i, isPrime = 1;


    // Prompt user for input

    printf("Enter a positive integer: ");

    scanf("%d", &num);


    // Handle special cases

    if (num <= 1) {

        printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num);

        return 0;

    }


    // Check for factors other than 1 and itself

    for (i = 2; i <= num / 2; i++) {

        if (num % i == 0) {

            isPrime = 0; // Number is not prime

            break;

        }

    }


    // Output the result

    if (isPrime) {

        printf("%d is a prime number.\n", num);

    } else {

        printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num);

    }


    return 0;

}

Output:

 






EXPERIMENT NO.: 8

Title of Experiment: Write a program to print the different pattern.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int n, i, j;


    // Prompt user for input

    printf("Enter the number of rows for the pyramid: ");

    scanf("%d", &n);


    printf("Pyramid Pattern:\n");


    // Outer loop for rows

    for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

        // Print spaces for alignment

        for (j = 1; j <= n - i; j++) {

            printf(" ");

        }

        // Print stars

        for (j = 1; j <= (2 * i - 1); j++) {

            printf("*");

        }

        printf("\n");

    }


    return 0;

}

Output:



    *

   ***

  *****

 *******

*********







#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int n, i, j;


    // Prompt user for input

    printf("Enter the number of rows for the triangle: ");

    scanf("%d", &n);


    printf("Right-Angled Triangle Pattern:\n");


    // Outer loop for rows

    for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

        for (j = 1; j <= i; j++) {

            printf("*");

        }

        printf("\n");

    }


    return 0;

}

Output:


*

**

***

****

*****



#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int n, i, j;


    // Prompt user for input

    printf("Enter the number of rows for the inverted pyramid: ");

    scanf("%d", &n);


    printf("Inverted Pyramid Pattern:\n");


    // Outer loop for rows

    for (i = n; i >= 1; i--) {

        for (j = 1; j <= n - i; j++) {

            printf(" ");

        }

        for (j = 1; j <= (2 * i - 1); j++) {

            printf("*");

        }

        printf("\n");

    }


    return 0;

}

Output:



*********

 *******

  *****

   ***

    *




#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int n, i, j;


    // Prompt user for input

    printf("Enter the number of rows for the diamond: ");

    scanf("%d", &n);


    printf("Diamond Shape Pattern:\n");


    // Upper half of the diamond

    for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

        for (j = 1; j <= n - i; j++) {

            printf(" ");

        }

        for (j = 1; j <= (2 * i - 1); j++) {

            printf("*");

        }

        printf("\n");

    }


    // Lower half of the diamond

    for (i = n - 1; i >= 1; i--) {

        for (j = 1; j <= n - i; j++) {

            printf(" ");

        }

        for (j = 1; j <= (2 * i - 1); j++) {

            printf("*");

        }

        printf("\n");

    }


    return 0;

}

Output:



    *

   ***

  *****

 *******

*********

 *******

  *****

   ***

    *


#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int n, i, j, coeff;


    // Prompt user for input

    printf("Enter the number of rows for Pascal's Triangle: ");

    scanf("%d", &n);


    printf("Pascal's Triangle:\n");


    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        // Print leading spaces

        for (j = 1; j <= n - i; j++) {

            printf(" ");

        }

        // Print coefficients

        coeff = 1;

        for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {

            printf("%d ", coeff);

            coeff = coeff * (i - j) / (j + 1);

        }

        printf("\n");

    }


    return 0;

}

Output:




     1

    1 1

   1 2 1

  1 3 3 1

 1 4 6 4 1







EXPERIMENT NO.: 9

Title of Experiment: Write a program to sum of the elements of array.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼



#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int n, sum = 0;


    // Prompt user for the number of elements in the array

    printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");

    scanf("%d", &n);


    int arr[n];  // Declare an array of size 'n'


    // Input elements in the array

    printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

    }


    // Calculate the sum of array elements

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        sum += arr[i];

    }


    // Output the sum

    printf("The sum of the elements in the array is: %d\n", sum);


    return 0;

}

Output:

 


EXPERIMENT NO.: 10

Title of Experiment: Write a program to demonstrate the string functions.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>


int main() {

    char str1[100], str2[100], str3[100];

    int length;


    // Input two strings

    printf("Enter the first string: ");

    gets(str1); // Input first string

    

    printf("Enter the second string: ");

    gets(str2); // Input second string


    // 1. strlen() - Calculate the length of the string

    length = strlen(str1);

    printf("Length of the first string is: %d\n", length);


    // 2. strcpy() - Copy contents of one string to another

    strcpy(str3, str1);

    printf("Copy of the first string is: %s\n", str3);


    // 3. strcat() - Concatenate two strings

    strcat(str1, str2);

    printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);


    // 4. strcmp() - Compare two strings

    if (strcmp(str1, str2) == 0)

        printf("The two strings are equal.\n");

    else

        printf("The two strings are not equal.\n");


    // 5. strchr() - Find the first occurrence of a character in a string

    char ch = 'a';

    char *ptr = strchr(str1, ch);

    if (ptr != NULL)

        printf("First occurrence of '%c' in the string is at position: %ld\n", ch, ptr - str1 + 1);

    else

        printf("Character '%c' not found in the string.\n", ch);


    return 0;

}

Output:

 



EXPERIMENT NO.: 11

Title of Experiment: Write a program for addition of two matrix.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int m, n, i, j;


    // Prompt user for matrix dimensions

    printf("Enter the number of rows and columns of the matrices: ");

    scanf("%d %d", &m, &n);


    // Declare two matrices and a result matrix

    int matrix1[m][n], matrix2[m][n], sum[m][n];


    // Input elements for the first matrix

    printf("Enter elements of the first matrix:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {

            printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i + 1, j + 1);

            scanf("%d", &matrix1[i][j]);

        }

    }


    // Input elements for the second matrix

    printf("Enter elements of the second matrix:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {

            printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i + 1, j + 1);

            scanf("%d", &matrix2[i][j]);

        }

    }


    // Perform matrix addition

    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {

            sum[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];

        }

    }


    // Display the result

    printf("\nSum of the two matrices:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {

            printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);

        }

        printf("\n");

    }


    return 0;

}

Output:


 














EXPERIMENT NO.: 12

Title of Experiment: Write a program to find the transpose of a given matrix & check whether it is symmetric or not

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    int m, n, i, j;

    int symmetric = 1; // Flag to check symmetry


    // Input matrix dimensions

    printf("Enter the number of rows and columns of the matrix: ");

    scanf("%d %d", &m, &n);


    // Declare the matrix and its transpose

    int matrix[m][n], transpose[n][m];


    // Input matrix elements

    printf("Enter elements of the matrix:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {

            printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i + 1, j + 1);

            scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);

        }

    }


    // Calculate the transpose of the matrix

    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {

            transpose[j][i] = matrix[i][j];

        }

    }


    // Display the original matrix

    printf("\nOriginal matrix:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {

            printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);

        }

        printf("\n");

    }


    // Display the transpose of the matrix

    printf("\nTranspose of the matrix:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        for (j = 0; j < m; j++) {

            printf("%d ", transpose[i][j]);

        }

        printf("\n");

    }


    // Check if the matrix is square and symmetric

    if (m == n) {

        for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

            for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {

                if (matrix[i][j] != transpose[i][j]) {

                    symmetric = 0;

                    break;

                }

            }

        }

        if (symmetric) {

            printf("\nThe matrix is symmetric.\n");

        } else {

            printf("\nThe matrix is not symmetric.\n");

        }

    } else {

        printf("\nThe matrix is not square, so it cannot be symmetric.\n");

    }


    return 0;

}


Output:

 




EXPERIMENT NO.: 13

Title of Experiment: Write a program to calculate the factorial for given number using recursive function.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>


// Function to calculate factorial recursively

int factorial(int n) {

    // Base case: factorial of 0 or 1 is 1

    if (n == 0 || n == 1) {

        return 1;

    }

    // Recursive case: factorial of n is n * factorial of (n-1)

    else {

        return n * factorial(n - 1);

    }

}


int main() {

    int num;


    // Input: prompt user for the number

    printf("Enter a number to calculate its factorial: ");

    scanf("%d", &num);


    // Check for negative input

    if (num < 0) {

        printf("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.\n");

    } else {

        // Call the recursive function and display the result

        printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", num, factorial(num));

    }


    return 0;

}

Output:

 











EXPERIMENT NO.: 14

Title of Experiment: Write a program printing the elements of structure array using pointers.

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>


// Define a structure to store information

struct Student {

    int roll_no;

    char name[50];

    float marks;

};


int main() {

    int n;


    // Input: number of students

    printf("Enter the number of students: ");

    scanf("%d", &n);


    // Declare an array of structures

    struct Student students[n];


    // Input student details using structure array

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        printf("\nEnter details for student %d:\n", i + 1);

        printf("Roll Number: ");

        scanf("%d", &students[i].roll_no);

        printf("Name: ");

        getchar();  // To consume newline character left by previous scanf

        fgets(students[i].name, sizeof(students[i].name), stdin);  // Read string with spaces

        printf("Marks: ");

        scanf("%f", &students[i].marks);

    }


    // Pointer to the structure array

    struct Student *ptr = students;


    // Print student details using pointer

    printf("\nStudent Details:\n");

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        printf("\nStudent %d:\n", i + 1);

        printf("Roll Number: %d\n", (ptr + i)->roll_no);

        printf("Name: %s", (ptr + i)->name);  // fgets already includes the newline

        printf("Marks: %.2f\n", (ptr + i)->marks);

    }


    return 0;

}

Output:

 









EXPERIMENT NO.: 15

Title of Experiment: Program to illustrate the concept of method overriding in python

Program: B.Tech CSE Course: Introduction to Python Programming Lab

Course Code: PCS 151(L) Semester: I

Page no: ¼


#include <stdio.h>


int main() {

    FILE *file;

    char data[100];


    // Open the file in append mode

    file = fopen("example.txt", "a");


    // Check if the file was opened successfully

    if (file == NULL) {

        printf("Error opening the file.\n");

        return 1;

    }


    // Input data to be appended

    printf("Enter text to append to the file: ");

    fgets(data, sizeof(data), stdin);  // Read input including spaces


    // Write data to the file

    fprintf(file, "%s", data);


    // Close the file

    fclose(file);


    printf("Data successfully appended to the file.\n");


    return 0;

}

Output:




                                                                                IOT

                                                                    Internet of Things







CurrencyConverter/

    MainApp.java

    converters/

        CurrencyConverter.java

        DistanceConverter.java

        TimeConverter.java



CurrencyConverter.java:

package converters;


public class CurrencyConverter {

    private static final double DOLLAR_TO_INR = 82.5;

    private static final double EURO_TO_INR = 89.0;

    private static final double YEN_TO_INR = 0.61;


    public static double convertDollarToINR(double dollar) {

        return dollar * DOLLAR_TO_INR;

    }


    public static double convertINRToDollar(double inr) {

        return inr / DOLLAR_TO_INR;

    }


    public static double convertEuroToINR(double euro) {

        return euro * EURO_TO_INR;

    }


    public static double convertINRToEuro(double inr) {

        return inr / EURO_TO_INR;

    }


    public static double convertYenToINR(double yen) {

        return yen * YEN_TO_INR;

    }


    public static double convertINRToYen(double inr) {

        return inr / YEN_TO_INR;

    }

}





DistanceConverter.java:


package converters;


public class DistanceConverter {

    private static final double METER_TO_KM = 0.001;

    private static final double MILES_TO_KM = 1.60934;


    public static double convertMeterToKM(double meter) {

        return meter * METER_TO_KM;

    }


    public static double convertKMToMeter(double km) {

        return km / METER_TO_KM;

    }


    public static double convertMilesToKM(double miles) {

        return miles * MILES_TO_KM;

    }


    public static double convertKMToMiles(double km) {

        return km / MILES_TO_KM;

    }

}



TimeConverter.java:


package converters;


public class TimeConverter {

    public static int convertHoursToMinutes(int hours) {

        return hours * 60;

    }


    public static int convertHoursToSeconds(int hours) {

        return hours * 3600;

    }


    public static double convertMinutesToHours(int minutes) {

        return minutes / 60.0;

    }


    public static double convertSecondsToHours(int seconds) {

        return seconds / 3600.0;

    }

}



MainApp.java:



import converters.CurrencyConverter;

import converters.DistanceConverter;

import converters.TimeConverter;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class MainApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int choice;


        do {

            System.out.println("=== Converter Application ===");

            System.out.println("1. Currency Converter");

            System.out.println("2. Distance Converter");

            System.out.println("3. Time Converter");

            System.out.println("4. Exit");

            System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");

            choice = scanner.nextInt();


            switch (choice) {

                case 1:

                    System.out.println("Currency Converter:");

                    System.out.println("1. Dollar to INR");

                    System.out.println("2. INR to Dollar");

                    System.out.println("3. Euro to INR");

                    System.out.println("4. INR to Euro");

                    System.out.println("5. Yen to INR");

                    System.out.println("6. INR to Yen");

                    System.out.print("Enter your option: ");

                    int currencyChoice = scanner.nextInt();

                    System.out.print("Enter the amount: ");

                    double amount = scanner.nextDouble();


                    switch (currencyChoice) {

                        case 1 -> System.out.println("Result: " + CurrencyConverter.convertDollarToINR(amount) + " INR");

                        case 2 -> System.out.println("Result: " + CurrencyConverter.convertINRToDollar(amount) + " USD");

                        case 3 -> System.out.println("Result: " + CurrencyConverter.convertEuroToINR(amount) + " INR");

                        case 4 -> System.out.println("Result: " + CurrencyConverter.convertINRToEuro(amount) + " EUR");

                        case 5 -> System.out.println("Result: " + CurrencyConverter.convertYenToINR(amount) + " INR");

                        case 6 -> System.out.println("Result: " + CurrencyConverter.convertINRToYen(amount) + " YEN");

                        default -> System.out.println("Invalid option.");

                    }

                    break;


                case 2:

                    System.out.println("Distance Converter:");

                    System.out.println("1. Meter to KM");

                    System.out.println("2. KM to Meter");

                    System.out.println("3. Miles to KM");

                    System.out.println("4. KM to Miles");

                    System.out.print("Enter your option: ");

                    int distanceChoice = scanner.nextInt();

                    System.out.print("Enter the distance: ");

                    double distance = scanner.nextDouble();


                    switch (distanceChoice) {

                        case 1 -> System.out.println("Result: " + DistanceConverter.convertMeterToKM(distance) + " KM");

                        case 2 -> System.out.println("Result: " + DistanceConverter.convertKMToMeter(distance) + " Meter");

                        case 3 -> System.out.println("Result: " + DistanceConverter.convertMilesToKM(distance) + " KM");

                        case 4 -> System.out.println("Result: " + DistanceConverter.convertKMToMiles(distance) + " Miles");

                        default -> System.out.println("Invalid option.");

                    }

                    break;


                case 3:

                    System.out.println("Time Converter:");

                    System.out.println("1. Hours to Minutes");

                    System.out.println("2. Hours to Seconds");

                    System.out.println("3. Minutes to Hours");

                    System.out.println("4. Seconds to Hours");

                    System.out.print("Enter your option: ");

                    int timeChoice = scanner.nextInt();

                    System.out.print("Enter the time: ");

                    int time = scanner.nextInt();


                    switch (timeChoice) {

                        case 1 -> System.out.println("Result: " + TimeConverter.convertHoursToMinutes(time) + " Minutes");

                        case 2 -> System.out.println("Result: " + TimeConverter.convertHoursToSeconds(time) + " Seconds");

                        case 3 -> System.out.println("Result: " + TimeConverter.convertMinutesToHours(time) + " Hours");

                        case 4 -> System.out.println("Result: " + TimeConverter.convertSecondsToHours(time) + " Hours");

                        default -> System.out.println("Invalid option.");

                    }

                    break;


                case 4:

                    System.out.println("Exiting the application.");

                    break;


                default:

                    System.out.println("Invalid choice. Try 

again.");

            }

        } while (choice != 4);


        scanner.close();

    }

}




How to Compile and Run:

Compile:

javac -d . MainApp.java converters/*.java


Run


java MainApp


Code vita TCS 


import pandas as pd


# Load dataset (replace 'your_dataset.csv' with your file)

df = pd.read_csv("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/cars.csv")


print("\n First 5 rows of dataset:")

print(df.head())


# =====================================

# 1. Check basic info

# =====================================

print("\n Dataset Info:")

print(df.info())


print("\n Missing values in each column:")

print(df.isnull().sum())


# =====================================

# 2. Handle missing values

# =====================================


# Option A: Drop rows with missing values

df_cleaned = df.dropna()


# Option B: Fill missing values (example: numerical with mean, categorical with mode)

for col in df.columns:

    if df[col].dtype == "object": # categorical

        df[col].fillna(df[col].mode()[0], inplace=True)

    else: # numerical

        df[col].fillna(df[col].mean(), inplace=True)


# =====================================

# 3. Remove duplicates

# =====================================

df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)


# =====================================

# 4. Handle inconsistent text formatting (strip spaces, lowercase)

# =====================================

for col in df.select_dtypes(include=["object"]).columns:

    df[col] = df[col].str.strip().str.lower()


# =====================================

# 5. Handle outliers: remove rows beyond 3 std dev for numeric columns

# =====================================

for col in df.select_dtypes(include=["int64", "float64"]).columns:

    mean = df[col].mean()

    std = df[col].std()

    df = df[(df[col] >= mean - 3*std) & (df[col] <= mean + 3*std)]


# =====================================

# 6. Save cleaned dataset

# =====================================

df.to_csv("cleaned_dataset.csv", index=False)


print("\n Dataset cleaned and saved as 'cleaned_dataset.csv'")






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